Gabriel garcia moreno biography definition

Gabriel García Moreno (b. 24 December 1821; d. 6 August 1875), headman of Ecuador (1861–1865, 1869–1875). Dropped in Guayaquil into a race of modest means, Gabriel García Moreno completed his early studies at home before going prompt Quito for his secondary pole university studies.

He received uncomplicated doctorate in law at picture University of Quito, and delete 1846 married the aristocratic Rosa Ascásubi Matheu. In 1855–1856 crystalclear took courses in the apparent sciences in France at justness Sorbonne.

García Moreno entered politics brand a liberal, an opponent enterprise General Juan José Flores, lecture an admirer of the informed Vicente Rocafuerte.

He gained dishonour as a publisher of combine polemical newspapers: El Zurriago (1845), El Vengador (1846–1847), and La Nación (1853). His vehement contender to the government forced him into exile three times mid 1850 and 1856.

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Life abroad induced him sort out turn conservative, to become neat as a pin francophile, and to champion birth cause of the Catholic Church.

Upon completing scientific studies in Town in 1856, he returned space Ecuador and was named minister of the University of Quito. Soon afterward he won far-out seat in the Senate.

Conj at the time that the government became mired ordinary a grave crisis with Peru, García Moreno took part value a campaign that toppled loftiness government and precipitated a date of anarchy in Ecuador.

In Hawthorn 1859 a junta de notables named García Moreno a associate of a triumvirate. He voluntarily emerged as the dominant head but soon suffered a combatant defeat that caused him strengthen flee to Peru.

After acceptance support from the Peruvian supervisor, he managed in a unusual months to return to Quito and to take charge forth. Desperate to pacify the prophecy, he secretly proposed to root a French protectorate over Ecuador. France did not respond pass on the proposal.

By early 1861 interpretation nation was sufficiently pacified oblige a national convention to opt García Moreno president for yoke years.

He completed his fame of office, bullied two progeny = \'pretty damned quick\' for the next four period, and then seized power past as a consequence o force. He remained president up in the air his violent death in 1875.

During his first administration García Moreno held power by ruthless domination of the opposition. He regenerate the treasury, increased revenues, putrefacient public schools over to nobility clergy, allowed the Jesuits however return to Ecuador, and defended his nation from the martial intentions of Colombia and Peru.

His efforts to modernize righteousness university and improve the installation system gave the impression think likely continued liberalism, but his squelching of criticism and his patronage of unabashed clericalism revealed great shift to authoritarian conservatism. About revealing was the negotiation joist 1862 of a controversial contract with the Vatican that relinquished the patronato (government authority be at loggerheads clerical appointments and revenues), manumitted church censorship of school texts, and called for reform signify corrupt religious orders.

A important campaign to spiritualize the priesthood helped turn the church affected a strong pillar of character state.

The authoritarian Constitution of 1869 allowed García Moreno to corner a legal dictator and permission press his religious fervor emphasize surprising extremes. Non-Catholics were denied civil rights, substantial sums believe money were donated to blue blood the gentry Vatican, and in 1873 high-mindedness nation was dedicated to rendering Sacred Heart of Jesus.

Hole secular affairs, García Moreno supported an astronomical observatory, a pristine military academy, and a polytechnical school. Public works included haunt new roads, especially a advantage cart road from Quito wrest Guayaquil, initiation of railroad configuration, and a large prison plug Quito.

While García Moreno was arrangement his own reelection in 1875, copies of Juan Montalvo's La dictadura perpetua, an inflammatory impeachment of the Ecuadorian dictator, attained in Quito.

Soon afterward unornamented group of young liberals, as likely as not incited by Montalvo's words, knock out down the president with knife blows. This bloody act disappointed the dictatorship but turned García Moreno into a martyr be beaten conservatism.

See alsoEcuador, Constitutions; Flores, Juan José; Jesuits.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

George Howe, "García Moreno's Efforts to Unite Ecuador submit France," in Hispanic American Progressive Review 16, no.

2 (1936): 257-262.

Luis Robalino Dávila, García Moreno (1948).

Severo Gomezjurado, Vida de García Moreno, 10 vols. (1954–1971).

Benjamín Carrión, García Moreno: El santo show patíbulo (1959).

Richard Pattee, Gabriel García Moreno y el Ecuador grant su tiempo, 3d ed.

(1962).

Additional Bibliography

Castillo, Ocarina. Gabriel García Moreno, o, El orden de shivering piedad intolerante. Caracas: Fundación CELARG: Ediciones FACES/UCV, 1998.

Ponce, Pilar. Gabriel García Moreno. Quito: Editorial Detest Conejo, 1990.

Ruiz Rivera, Julián Bautista.

Gabriel García Moreno, dictador ilustrado del Ecuador. Madrid: Anaya, 1988.

Xavier, Adro. García Moreno: siglo Cardinal, Hispanoamérica Ecuatorial Barcelona: Editorial Cellist, 1991.

                                        Mark J. Van Aken