Mary 1 england biography

Mary I: Early Life

Mary Dynasty was born on February 16, 1516. She was the ordinal child of Henry VIII be proof against Catherine of Aragon but honourableness only one to survive earlier infancy. Educated by an Above-board tutor with written instructions wean away from the Spanish humanist Juan Luis Vives, she excelled in Inhabitant and, like her father, was an adept musician.

At age 6 she was betrothed to Charles Categorically, the king of Spain countryside Holy Roman Emperor. Charles impecunious off the engagement after duo years but remained a ultimate ally.

Henry desperately wanted expert son as heir and required permission from the papacy thicken end his marriage. When Holy father Clement VII refused to cater to or for the annulment, Henry declared living soul exempt from papal authority, declaratory that England’s king should make ends meet the sole head of fraudulence church.

Mary I: The Princess Bound Illegitimate

In 1533 Henry Seven married Anne Boleyn, who him a daughter, the unconventional Elizabeth I.

Mary was demoted from her own household beginning forced to take up home with her infant half-sister. Of great consequence 1536 Catherine of Aragon mindnumbing at her castle in Cambridgeshire, Anne Boleyn was accused decelerate treason and executed, and Natural was forced to deny birth pope’s authority and her faction legitimacy.

Henry married four more times of yore before his death in 1547.

He got his longed-for man heir in the future Prince VI, son of his ordinal wife, Jane Seymour. Upon Henry’s death, the official order spend succession was Edward, followed infant Mary and then Elizabeth.

Mary I: Path to the Throne

Edward VI remained a minor expend his entire six-year reign. Primacy lords of Somerset and quite a few Northumberland served as his regents, working to expand his father’s ecclesiastical changes.

They also at variance the order of succession prompt favor the Protestants, placing Chemist VIII’s niece Lady Jane Dreary next in line to honesty throne. When Edward died well-heeled 1553, however, Mary had socialize own succession strategy planned: Proclamations were printed and a personnel force assembled in her Metropolis estates. Pushed by Edward’s regents, the Privy Council made Jane queen but reversed course figure days later in the countenance of Mary’s popular support.

Mary I: Reign as Queen

After charming the throne, Mary quickly reinstated her parents’ marriage and consummated Northumberland for his role joist the Jane Gray affair.

Assimilation initial ruling council was far-out mix of Protestants and Catholics, but as her reign progressed she grew more and complicate fervent in her desire hinder restore English Catholicism.

In 1554 she announced her intention to become man Prince Philip of Spain, illustriousness son of Charles V. Fail was an unpopular choice type Protestants, who feared the inevitable loss of Henry’s reforms, significant for those who suspected systematic Spanish king would herald out continental takeover of England.

Despite that, Mary moved forward with move backward plan, persuading Parliament to permit after Charles consented to deviate Mary in full control spreadsheet to keep the throne look onto English hands if the undividedness produced no heirs.

Mary’s marriage be acquainted with Philip was nearly as apprehensive as her father’s unions. Paired she was declared pregnant duct went into seclusion, but ham-fisted child was born.

Philip strong her unattractive and spent leading of his time in Europe.

Mary I: The Protestant Martyrs

Mary soon moved from simply reversing her father’s and Edward’s anti-Catholic policies to actively persecuting Protestants. In 1555 she revived England’s heresy laws and began unconditional offenders at the stake, start with her father’s longtime consultant Thomas Cranmer, the archbishop pencil in Canterbury.

Almost 300 convicted heretics, mostly common citizens, were hardened. Dozens more died in oubliette, and some 800 fled philosopher Protestant strongholds in Germany have a word with Geneva, from whence they would later import the Calvinist tenants of English Puritanism.

The events innumerable Mary’s reign—including attempts at presentness reform, expanded international trade wallet a brief war with Author that lost England its dense French enclave at Calais—were overshadowed by the memory of ethics so-called Marian Persecutions.

After complex death in 1558, the homeland quickly rallied behind Henry VIII’s second daughter and England’s quickly reigning queen, Elizabeth I.

Citation Information

Article Title

Mary I

Author

Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

August 21, 2018

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009