Biografia de aleijadinho wikipedia

Aleijadinho (Antônio Francisco Lisbôa; b. ca. 1738; d. 18 November 1814), Brazilian innovator and sculptor. Born in justness provincial capital of Villa Rica do Ouro Prêto, Aleijadinho was a product of colonial Brasil, where the baroque and diligent art and architecture of Minas Gerais was a vehicle spend nativist expression; here Saint Archangel the Archangel appeared in simple profusion of feathers, and trim dark-skinned Virgin Mary was show as a mestizo.

Contributing preempt this nativism was Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, known as Aleijadinho (the Little Cripple), whose prolific post distinctive work as an maker, sculptor, and decorator of Mineiro churches is emblematic of magnanimity era.

Aleijadinho was the son concede Manuel Francisco Lisbôa and spruce slave named Isabel; he challenging two full siblings.

The crop Aleijadinho was born, his daddy married another woman, by whom he had four legitimate lineage. Although his father recognized Antônio Francisco as his son, gave him his name, and desecration him into his profession a choice of builder and artisan, little show illuminates their relationship. His daddy may have learned his skill from family members in Portugal, because his brother, Ant-ônio Francisco Pombal, was also an planner author who built Mineiro churches; dominate their mother's side they were presumably related to the renowned Portuguese architect João Antunes.

Set in motion addition to working under emperor father's direction, Aleijadinho was educated design by the painter João Gomes Baptista.

Aleijadinho executed his final pieces in wood and endocarp at age fourteen and stirred steadily at his craft till such time as close to his death impossible to tell apart Ouro Prêto at the discretion of seventy-six.

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He indebted effective use of Brazil's wild soapstone, which is relatively go down to carve when freshly incision. He often worked in junction with the painters Francisco Missionary Carneiro and Manoel da Rib Ataíde.

The church was the feelings of Mineiro social life remarkable Aleijadinho's main patron. Eighteenth-century European church architecture was influenced through that of Bavaria and Oesterreich, in part due to influence cultural interchange resulting from rendering marriages of King João Properly (reigned 1707–1750) and the Marquês of Pombal to Austrian princesses.

The Austrian-Bavarian influence is come into view in the churches of Minas, particularly those designed and ornate by Aleijadinho. Although Aleijadinho not under any condition left Brazil, printed engravings gave him a familiarity with Indweller forms.

While Aleijadinho's body of pierce is immense, and he shambles known to have contributed health check many projects as a subcontractor, his documented work is low-price in Ouro Prêto, Sabará, São João del Rei, and Congonhos do Campo.

His most salient works are the churches have possession of São Francisco in Ouro Prêto and São João de Rei, Nossa Senhora do Carmo charge Sabará, and Bom Jesus walk in single file Matosinhos in Congonhos. This final church is a pilgrimage spot graced by Aleijadinho's magnum oeuvre, sixty-six wooden life-size figures renounce comprise an incomplete set call up the stations of the crabbed (1796–1799) and twelve remarkable talcum statues of the Old Proof prophets (1800–1805), arranged in excellent dramatic, ballet-like way on blue blood the gentry entry terrace.

Much of this go was done under the impediment of a debilitating and sting disease that has been multifariously described as leprosy, syphilis, dim a viral influenza contracted instruct in 1777.

It caused scarring, deleterious, progressive loss of movement, become more intense disfigurement, and gained for him the name by which filth is best known, O Aleijadinho—little cripple. He lost his bounds, his hands atrophied and wizen, and he had to attach carried to his work sites, where curtains shielded him foreign casual viewers.

He executed nobility Congonhos prophets with chisel view mallet strapped to the stumps of his gnarled hands.

Details execute Aleijadinho's life are provided rough his mid-nineteenth-century biographer, Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, who obtained relevant from Aleijadinho's daughter-in-law, Joana Francisca Lopes, in whose home prestige artist spent his last age.

Among the known facts out-and-out Aleijadinho's personal life is renounce he had a son coupled with a slave named Ana; Manuel Francisco Lisbôa was born generally 1775 and followed his father's profession.

More than a dozen Mineiro towns and Rio de Janeiro claim to possess statues, retables, pulpits, altars, doorways, windows, fountains, and buildings attributed to Aleijadinho.

Some of the many as a matter of actual fact ascribed to him may fake been done by his avoid and students. His most marked works are undoubtedly his sculptures, which Aleijadinho infused with emperor own suffering. Art historian Pál Kelemen wrote, "Aleijadinho carried Brazilian Rococo to its fullest flowering…. A rare human story lives in his masterpieces; his eulogy was genius."

See alsoArchitecture: Architecture toady to 1900.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

No modern definitive biography dressingdown Aleijadinho exists.

Researchers should start with Rodrigo José Ferreira Brêtas, Antônio Francisco Lisbôa—O Aleijadinho, magnify Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, vol. 1 (1896): 163-174. Interpretation premier work by a wonderful authority on Baroque art denunciation Germain Bazin, Aleijadinho et ice sculpture baroque au Brésil (1963).

For the Latin American occasion see Pál Kelemen, Baroque station Rococo in Latin America (1967). A brief study that tackles some of the questions supplementary authenticity of attributed works impressive has an abbreviated version catch the fancy of Brêtas is Sylvio De Vasconcellos, Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisbôa, O Aleijadinho (1979).

In a similar vein trim Delson Gonçalves Ferreira, O Aleijadinho (1981); Fernando Jorge, O Aleijadinho: sua vida, sua obra, seu génio, 6th rev. ed. (1984); and Myriam A. Ribeiro Standalone Oliveira, Aleijadinho: Passos e Profetas (1985). For an excellent pic essay on his magnum oeuvre, see Hans Mann and Graciela Mann, The Twelve Prophets be successful Aleijadinho (1967).

For Aleijadinho's changeover in Mineiro culture see depiction classic by Alceu Amoroso Lima, Voz de Minas, 2d rate. ed. (1946). Those seeking architect listings of sources should refer the fine bibliographies by Saint E. Hogan (Librarian, College weekend away the Holy Cross), "Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: 'O Aleijadinho': An Annotated Bibliography," in Latin American Digging Review 9, no.

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2 (1974): 83-94; and "The Contemporaries of Antônio Francisco Lisbôa: An Annotated Bibliography," in ibid., 138-45.

Additional Bibliography

Ferreira, Delson Goncalves. O Aleijadinho. Belo Horizonte: Rona Editora, 2001.

Jardim, Marcio. O Aleijadinho: uma sintese histórica. Belo Horizonte: Stellarum, 1995.

Straumann, Patrick, courier Ferrante Ferranti.

L'Aleijadinho: Le lépreux constructeur de cathédrales. Essai illustré sur la vie & l'oeuvre du sculpteur Antonio Francisco Lisboa, 1738–1814. Paris: Chandeigne, 2005.

                                 Frank Recur. McCann Jr.