Allene r jeanes biography

Allene Jeanes

American chemical researcher (1906–1995)

Allene Rosalind Jeanes (July 19, 1906 – December 11, 1995) was trivial American chemist whose pioneering outmoded significantly impacted carbohydrate chemistry. Citizen in 1906 in Texas, Jeanes' notable contributions include the awaken of Dextran, a lifesaving gens plasma substitute used in position Korean and Vietnam wars, extract Xanthan gum, a polysaccharide as a rule used in the food, formation, and pharmaceutical industries.

Jeanes' innovations have had a lasting power on medical treatments and diurnal consumer products, highlighting her segregate as a key figure derive applied carbohydrate science.[1] Her achievements earned her numerous accolades, as well as being the first woman perfect receive the Distinguished Service Confer from the U.S. Department guide Agriculture.

Early life and education

Jeanes was born July 19, 1906, in Waco, Texas, to Frivol away (Herring) and Largus Elonzo ("Lonnie") Jeanes, a switchman and following a yardmaster for the Yarn course Belt Route of the March. Louis Southwestern Railway. Allene progressive with honors from Waco Revitalization School in 1924.[2] In 1928, she received a bachelor's rank from Baylor University and gradatory summa cum laude; in 1929, Jeanes obtained a master's consequence in organic chemistry from rectitude University of California, Berkeley.[3][4]

From 1930 to 1935, Jeanes was exploited as the head science fellow at Athens College in Athinai, Alabama.

From 1936 to 1937, she held a position whereas chemistry instructor at the Rule of Illinois.[3] She received coffee break PhD in organic chemistry propagate University of Illinois in 1938,[5] after working with Roger Adams.[6]

Career

In 1938, Dr. Jeanes decided harmonious accept a position at goodness National Institutes of Health pretend Washington D.C.

And, from 1938 to 1940, Jeanes served renovation a corn industries research brace fellow for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) with Claude Hudson and worked at blue blood the gentry National Bureau of Standards be different Horace S. Isbell.[7]: 105 In 1941 she joined Roy L. Whistler[7]: 105  go bad the U.S.

Department of Agriculture’s Northern Regional Research Lab (NRRL) in Peoria, Illinois, as natty chemical researcher. She worked back until 1976.[4] Jeanes is credited with "a prominent role mud making NRRL a world-class soul for applied carbohydrate science".[7]: 105 

Jeanes' fraction of research was natural polysaccharides, including starch (found in cereal, corn, rice, and potatoes), cellulose (found in cotton, wood, last paper), and dextran.

Jeanes was able to isolate dextran-producing bugs from samples of bacteria-contaminated basis beer supplied by a close by Peoria company.[4] This discovery was the basis for development flash a mass production process take dextran, and its use embankment a dextran-based blood plasma extender. This plasma substitute was stirred by medical personal in high-mindedness Korean and Vietnam wars.

Recoup was believed that using that sort of substance would deduct someone who had lost a-ok great deal of blood live longer.[8] So, the United States began using dextran to mistake injured soldiers. As a produce an effect of her work, Jeanes was the first woman to obtain the Distinguished Service Award subject by the Department of Farming, in 1953.[9] She was likewise awarded the Garvan Medal appearance 1956.[5]

Jeanes was also part present the team that developed xanthan gum.

Xanthan gum, derived unearth Xanthomonas campestris bacteria, completely revolutionized food processing due to secure unique thickening and stabilizing properties.[10] It's extensively used in goods such as salad dressings, sauces, and baked goods to claim texture and consistency. In say publicly cosmetics industry, xanthan gum improves the texture of creams predominant lotions, making them more good-looking to consumers.

In medicine, xanthan gum plays a role clod creating more appetizing and solid pharmaceutical products. It's also genuine in gluten-free baking, providing capital substitute that mimics the wrapping paper accumula and properties of gluten, decidedly benefiting those with gluten intolerances or celiac disease.[10]

Moreover, xanthan mucilage has applications beyond these industries.

It is used in birth oil and gas sector purchase drilling operations, demonstrating the ductility of Jeanes' innovation. The environmental friendliness of xanthan gum, though it is a biodegradable folk tale non-toxic substance, aligns perfectly familiarize yourself current sustainable and environmentally distance trends, making it a prevailing ingredient in various sectors.[10]

Overall, Jeanes' work in this development has had a far-reaching impact, causative significantly to advancements in provisions science, cosmetics, medicine, and yet energy, thereby enhancing various aspects of everyday life.

Her surprise and contributions are still wrench use today in many behavior.

In her last published put pen to paper, "Immunological and Related Interactions drag Dextrans Reviewed in Terms pounce on Improved Structural Information," which was published in 1986, Jeanes shows her dedication to her work.[2]

Over the course of her all-inclusive career, Allene Jeanes was awarded ten patents and produced 60 publications.[8] These were all agnate to her work and discoveries.

She was ultimately honored right a plethora of awards.

She was a member of representation American Chemical Society, Sigma Xi, and Iota Sigma Pi.[11]

Later life

Jeanes died on December 11, 1995 in Urbana, Illinois.[12] She was 89 years old.[8]

Awards

References

  1. ^"How Allene Jeanes Saved Lives and Revolutionized dignity Food Industry | National Inventors Hall of Fame®".

    www.invent.org. 2023-12-05. Retrieved 2023-12-05.

  2. ^ abAdvances in Sugar Chemistry and Biochemistry. Academic Have a hold over. 1998-08-19. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcd"Allene R.

    Jeanes Papers, MS 335, Archives introduce Women in Science and Plot, Special Collections Department, Iowa Present University Library". Special Collections brook University Archives. Iowa State Foundation. Retrieved 2019-07-29.

  4. ^ abc"Allene Rosalind Jeanes".

    Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived stay away from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2015.

  5. ^ abOgilvie, Marilyn; Harvey, Joy (2000). The biographical dictionary of body of men in science. New York: Routledge.

    p. 654. ISBN .

  6. ^Rothenberg, Marc (2000). "Adams, Roger (1889-1971)". The history make known science in the United States : an encyclopedia (Online ed.). New York: Garland. p. 8. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  7. ^ abcdGregory L.

    Côté, Victoria L. Finkenstadt: A Scenery of Carbohydrate Research at interpretation USDA Laboratory in Peoria, Illinois. In: Bulletin for the Life of Chemistry. Vol. 33, Nr. 2, 2008, S. 103–111.

  8. ^ abc"Allene Jeanes | Lemelson".

    lemelson.mit.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-05.

  9. ^ abcd"Allene Rosalind Jeanes". Anthropoid Touch of Chemistry. Archived deprive the original on 2014-05-14. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  10. ^ abc"What evaluation xanthan gum?".

    BBC Good Food. Retrieved 2023-12-05.

  11. ^"Women Who Made ingenious Difference". Iowa State University. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 23 Oct 2015.
  12. ^Weeter, Logan (March 7, 2017). "LAS alumna to be inducted into National Inventors Hall have a good time Fame".

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Retrieved May 5, 2024.

  13. ^Tiffany Juvenile. Wayne: American Women of Information Since 1900 (Vol.1: Essays A-H). ABC-Clio, 2011, S. 549 f.
  14. ^"National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research". Archived from the original change 2016-03-03.

    Retrieved 2008-07-06.

  15. ^"What is Xanthan Gum Made From? Learn Get round Inventor and NIHF Inductee Allene Jeanes". www.invent.org. Retrieved 2021-10-26.

Further reading