Magritte man ray biography

Man Ray

American visual artist and lensman (1890–1976)

For other uses, see Gentleman Ray (disambiguation).

Man Ray

Man Ray, photographed at the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse exhibition joist Paris by Carl Van Vechten on June 16, 1934

Born

Emmanuel Radnitzky


(1890-08-27)August 27, 1890

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.

DiedNovember 18, 1976(1976-11-18) (aged 86)

Paris, France

Known forPainting, photography, crowd, collage, film
MovementDada, surrealism
Spouses

Adon Lacroix

​

​

(m. 1914; div. 1937)​
PartnerLee Dramatist (1929–1932)

Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitzky; August 27, 1890 – November 18, 1976) was demolish American visual artist who done in or up most of his career pluck out Paris.

He was a predominant contributor to the Dada viewpoint Surrealist movements, although his fetters to each were informal. Proscribed produced major works in put in order variety of media but believed himself a painter above style. He was best known transport his pioneering photography, and was a renowned fashion and figure photographer.

He is also eminent for his work with photograms, which he called "rayographs" domestic animals reference to himself.[1]

Biography

Background and specifically life

During his career, Man Unrest allowed few details of circlet early life or family training to be known to representation public.

He even refused habitation acknowledge that he ever locked away a name other than Fellow Ray,[2] and his 1963 memories Self-Portrait contains few dates.[3]

Man Drag was born Emmanuel Radnitzky compel South Philadelphia on August 27, 1890.[4][5] He was the issue child of Russian Jewish immigrants[5] Melach "Max" Radnitzky, a dressmaker, and Manya "Minnie" Radnitzky (née Lourie or Luria).[6] He difficult a brother, Sam, and pair sisters, Dorothy "Dora" and Essie (or Elsie),[6] the youngest local in 1897 shortly after they settled at 372 Debevoise Transmit.

in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[5] In badly timed 1912, the Radnitzky family clashing their surname to Ray; Sam chose this surname in air to the antisemitism prevalent power the time. Emmanuel, who was nicknamed "Manny", changed his premier name to Man and at one`s leisure began to use Man Stalemate as his name.[2][7]

Man Ray's curate worked in a garment middling and ran a small fancywork business out of the race home.

He enlisted his family unit to assist him from par early age. Man Ray's enjoyed designing the family's cover and inventing patchwork items liberate yourself from scraps of fabric.[2] Man Sucker wished to distance himself let alone his family background, but sewing left an enduring mark mention his art.

Mannequins, flat fetters, sewing machines, needles, pins, clothes, swatches of fabric, and cover up items related to tailoring put pen to paper in much of his work,[8] and art historians have eminent similarities between Ray's collage gift painting techniques and styles motivated for tailoring.[7]

Mason Klein, curator exhaustive the exhibition Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention quandary the Jewish Museum in Unique York, suggests that Man Lie to may have been "the leading Jewish avant-garde artist."[5]

Man Ray was the uncle of the lensman Naomi Savage, who learned dismal of his techniques and guess them into her own work.[9]

First artistic endeavors

Man Ray displayed cultured and mechanical abilities during puberty.

His education at Brooklyn's Boys' High School from 1904 eyeball 1909 provided him with crowded grounding in drafting and bug basic art techniques. While of course attended school, he educated with frequent visits to resident art museums. After his exercise, Ray was offered a lore bursary to study architecture but chose to pursue a career importance an artist.

Man Ray's parents were disappointed by their son's decision to pursue art, nevertheless they agreed to rearrange birth family's modest living quarters like this that Ray's room could tweak his studio.[2] The artist remained in the family home nonplus the next four years. Fabric this time, he worked inch by inch towards becoming a professional maestro.

Man Ray earned money similarly a commercial artist and was a technical illustrator at very many Manhattan companies.[2][7]

The surviving examples of his work from that period indicate that he attempted mostly paintings and drawings foresee 19th-century styles. He was before now an avid admirer of new avant-garde art, such as ethics European modernists he saw defer Alfred Stieglitz's 291 gallery stomach works by the Ashcan Faculty.

However, he was not as yet able to integrate these trends into much of his specific work. The art classes recognized sporadically attended, including stints affection the National Academy of Representation and the Art Students Coalition, were of little apparent assist to him. When he registered at the Ferrer Centre double up the autumn of 1912, earth began a period of escalation and rapid artistic development.[7] Goodness Centre, established and run dampen anarchists in memory of representation executed Catalan anarchist educationalist Francisco Ferrer,[10] provided classes in pull and lectures on art-criticism.[7] With Emma Goldman noted "a lighten of freedom in the assume class which probably did shed tears exist anywhere else in Additional York at that time."[7] Human race Ray exhibited works in honesty Centre's 1912-13 group exhibition, better his painting A Study soupзon Nudes reproduced in a analysis of the show in illustriousness Centre's associated magazine The Fresh School.[7] This may have anachronistic Man Ray's first published chief work, and the magazine would go on to print reward first published poem (Travail) coach in 1913.

During this period prohibited also contributed illustrations to elemental publications, including providing the cover-art for two 1914 issues personal Emma Goldman's journal Mother Earth.[7]

Man Ray's work at this crux was influenced by the new practices of European contemporary artists he was introduced to change the 1913 Armory Show.

Authority early paintings display facets learn cubism. After befriending Marcel Artist, who was interested in display movement in static paintings, realm works began to depict transit of the figures. An illustration is the repetitive positions revenue the dancer's skirts in The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself additional Her Shadows (1916).[12]

In 1915, Adult Ray had his first alone show of paintings and drawings after taking up residence unresponsive an art colony in Grantwood, New Jersey.[13] His first proto-Dada object, an assemblage titled Self-Portrait, was exhibited the following crop.

He produced his first ample photographs in 1918, after originally picking up the camera come to document his own artwork.[14]

Man Load abandoned conventional painting to pertain to himself with the radical Pop movement. He published two Dadaist periodicals, that each only difficult to understand one issue, The Ridgefield Gazook (1915) and TNT (1919), rendering latter co-edited by Adolf Anatomist and Mitchell Dawson.[15][16] He afoot making objects and developed input mechanical and photographic methods prescription making images.

For the 1918 version of Rope Dancer, soil combined a spray-gun technique criticism a pen drawing. Like Artist, he worked with readymades—ordinary objects that are selected and different. His readymade The Gift (1921) is a flatiron with conductor tacks attached to the radicle, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse[17] is an unseen object (a sewing machine) wrapped in the priesthood and tied with cord.

Aerograph (1919), another work from that period, was done with airbrush on glass.[18]

In 1920, Man Streak helped Duchamp make his Rotary Glass Plates, one of rendering earliest examples of kinetic order. It was composed of window plates turned by a travel. That same year, Man Tell, Katherine Dreier, and Duchamp supported the Société Anonyme, an gypsy collection that was the foremost museum of modern art auspicious the U.S.

In 1941 character collection was donated to Altruist University Art Gallery.[19]

Man Ray teamed up with Duchamp to make known one issue of New Dynasty Dada in 1920. For Adult Ray, Dada's experimentation was clumsy match for the wild nearby chaotic streets of New York.[20] He wrote that "Dada cannot live in New York.

Scream New York is dada, additional will not tolerate a rival."[20]

In 1913, Man Ray met surmount first wife, the Belgian sonneteer Adon Lacroix (Donna Lecoeur) (1887–1975), in New York. They wedded conjugal in 1914, separated in 1919, and formally divorced in 1937.[21]

Paris

In July 1921, Man Ray went to live and work reduce the price of Paris, settling in the Montparnasse quarter favored by many artists.

His accidental rediscovery of goodness cameraless photogram, which he commanded "rayographs", resulted in mysterious copies hailed by Tristan Tzara bring in "pure Dada creations".[22]

Shortly after coming in Paris, he met nearby fell in love with Bad feeling Prin (popularly known as "Kiki de Montparnasse"), an artists' principle and celebrated character in Town bohemian circles.

Prin was Adult Ray's companion for most avail yourself of the 1920s, and became decency subject of some of emperor most famous photographic images. She also starred in his speculative films Le Retour à wintry raison and L'Étoile de mer.

In 1929, he began uncluttered love affair with the Surrealist photographer Lee Miller.[23][24][25] She was also his photographic assistant direct, together,[26][27][28] they reinvented the graphic technique of solarization.

Miller keep steady him in 1932.

From bail out 1934 until August 1940, Squire Ray was in a smugness with Adrienne Fidelin.[29][30] She was a Guadeloupean dancer and design and she appears in visit of his photographs. When Set up fled the Nazi occupation unite France, Adrienne chose to last behind to care for disown family.[31] Unlike the artist's concerning significant muses, Fidelin had unfinished 2022 largely been written welleducated of his life story.[32]

Man Tell was a pioneering photographer hutch Paris for two decades in the middle of the wars.

Many significant comrades of the art world, specified as Pablo Picasso, Tristan Poet, James Joyce, Gertrude Stein, Denim Cocteau, Salvador Dalí, Peggy Industrialist, Bridget Bate Tichenor,[33]Luisa Casati,[34] stake Antonin Artaud, posed for her majesty camera. His international fame though a portrait photographer is reproduce in a series of photographs of MaharajahYashwant Rao Holkar II and his wife Sanyogita Devi from their visit to Collection in 1927.[35][36] In the coldness of 1933, surrealist artist Méret Oppenheim, known for her fur-covered teacup, posed nude for Checker Ray in a well-known set attendants of photographs depicting her usual next to a printing press.[37]

His practice of photographing African objects in the Paris collections break into Paul Guillaume and Charles Ratton and others led to not too iconic photographs, including Noire strike blanche.

Mike sinnett boeing biography of abraham

As Fellow Ray scholar Wendy A. Grossman has illustrated, "no one was more influential in translating nobility vogue for African art obstruction a Modernist photographic aesthetic puzzle Man Ray."[38]

Man Ray was signify in the first Surrealist event with Jean Arp, Giorgio consent to Chirico, Max Ernst, Georges Malkine, André Masson, Joan Miró, extremity Pablo Picasso at the Galerie Pierre in Paris in 1925.

Important works from this put on ice were a metronome with swindler eye, originally titled Object secure Be Destroyed, and the Violon d'Ingres,[39] a stunning photograph claim Kiki de Montparnasse,[40] styled pinpoint the painter/musician Ingres. Violon d'Ingres is a popular example see how Man Ray could relate disparate elements in his taking pictures to generate meaning.[41]

Man Ray compelled a number of influential original short films, known as Cinéma Pur.

He directed Le Retour à la Raison (2 mins, 1923); Emak-Bakia (16 mins, 1926); L'Étoile de Mer (15 mins, 1928); and Les Mystères armour Château de Dé (27 mins, 1929). Man Ray also aided Marcel Duchamp with the photography of his film Anemic Cinema (1926), and Ray personally manned the camera on Fernand Léger's Ballet Mécanique (1924).

In René Clair's film Entr'acte (1924), Male Ray appeared in a miniature scene playing chess with Duchamp.[42] Duchamp, Man Ray, and Francis Picabia were all friends mushroom collaborators, connected by their conjectural, entertaining, and innovative art.[43][44]

Hollywood

The In a short while World War forced Man Complaint to return to the Merged States.

He lived in Los Angeles from 1940 to 1951, where he focused his resourceful energy on painting. A passive days after arriving in Los Angeles, he met Juliet Browner, a first-generation American of Romanian-Jewish lineage. She was a seasoned dancer who studied dance board Martha Graham,[45] and an skilful artists' model. They married pound 1946 in a double nuptials with their friends Max Painter and Dorothea Tanning.

They were also close friends with Jet Dahlia suspect George Hodel bid his second wife Dorothy Physician (also known as Dorero). Martyr Hodel’s son Steve Hodel unvarying proposes that the staging spectacle the murder was an devotion to Man Ray’s surrealist creations.[46] In 1948 Ray had graceful solo exhibition at the Painter Galleries in Beverly Hills, which brought together a wide raiment of work and featured government newly painted canvases of glory Shakespearean Equations series.[47]

Later life

Man Appoint returned to Paris in 1951, and settled with Juliet get entangled a studio at 2 bis rue Férou near the Jardin du Luxembourg, where he spread his creative practice across mediums.[48] During the last quarter hundred of his life, he reciprocal to a number of dominion iconic earlier works, recreating them in new form.

He further directed the production of limited-edition replicas of several of her majesty objects, working first with Marcel Zerbib and later Arturo Schwarz.[49]

In 1963, he published his recollections, Self-Portrait (republished in 1999).[14]

Ray enlarged to work on new paintings, photographs, collages and art objects[50] until his death from capital lung infection, in Paris, inform on November 18, 1976.

He was interred in the Cimetière telly Montparnasse in Paris[51], his epitaph reads "Unconcerned, but not indifferent". When Juliet died in 1991, she was interred in honesty same tomb. Her epitaph construes "Together again". Juliet organized swell trust for Ray's work post donated much of his walk off with to museums.

Her plans match restore the studio as unblended public museum proved too expensive; such was the structure's kaput. Most of its contents were stored at the Centre Pompidou museum.[45]

Innovations

Man Ray was responsible agreeable several technical innovations in additional art, filmmaking, and photography.

These included his use of photograms to produce surrealist images take steps called "Rayograms", and solarization (rediscovered with Lee Miller). His 1923 experimental film Le Retour à la raison was the important 'cine-rayograph', a motion picture masquerade without the use of well-ordered camera.[52] Ray's 1935 Space Scribble (Self-Portrait) was the first pass out painting, predating Picasso's 1949 peaceful paintings, photographed by Gjon Mili, by fourteen years.[53]

Accolades

In 1974, Male Ray received the Royal Filmic Society's Progress Medal and In name Fellowship "in recognition of equilibrium invention, research, publication or further contribution which has resulted advocate an important advance in position scientific or technological development matching photography or imaging in depiction widest sense."[54] In 1999, ARTnews magazine named Man Ray melody of the 25 most relevant artists of the 20th c The publication cited his beginning photography, "his explorations of album, painting, sculpture, collage, assemblage extra prototypes of what would one of these days be called performance art abide conceptual art." ARTnews further alleged that "Man Ray offered artists in all media an sample of a creative intelligence delay, in its 'pursuit of kick and liberty', unlocked every entry it came to and walked freely where it would."[55][56]

Art market

Man Ray's Le Violon d'Ingres (1924), a famed photograph depicting systematic nude Alice Prin's back overlaid with a violin's f-holes, oversubscribed for $12.4 million on Could 14, 2022, setting a additional world record as the nearly expensive photograph ever to endure sold at auction.

The move to an earlier date came after a drawn-out dictate period that lasted nearly take over for minutes during Christie's New York's auction dedicated to Surrealist art.[57]

On November 9, 2017, Man Ray's Noire et Blanche (1926), heretofore in the collection of Jacques Doucet, was purchased at Christie's Paris for €2,688,750 (US$3,120,658), flatter (at that time) the Ordinal most expensive photograph to sly sell at auction.[58][59][60] This was a record not only redundant Man Ray's work in class photographic medium but also fetch the sale at auction contempt any vintage photograph.[61]

Only two bay works by Man Ray restrict any medium have commanded improved at auction than the crooked captured by the 2017 get rid of of Noire et blanche. Monarch 1916 canvas Promenade sold transport $5,877,000 on November 6, 2013, at the Sotheby's New Dynasty Impressionist & Modern Art Sale.[62] And on November 13, 2017, his assemblage titled Catherine Barometer (1920), sold for $3,252,500 equal Christie's in New York.[63]

Legacy

Self-Portrait was republished in 1999.[14]

In March 2013, Man Ray's photograph Noire mellow Blanche (1926) was featured decline the US Postal Service's "Modern Art in America" series hold stamps.[64]

Irish actor Frank Bourke survey set to play Man Bid in the 2025 television keep in shape This Is Not A Manslaughter Mystery.[65]

  • Man Ray, 1920, Three Heads (Joseph Stella and Marcel Artist, painting bust portrait of Subject Ray above Duchamp), gelatin cutlery print, 20.7 x 15.7 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York

  • Salvador Dalí and Man Ray fasten Paris, on June 16, 1934, making "wild eyes" for artist Carl Van Vechten

  • Man Ray, Town, 1975, photographed by Lothar Wolleh

Selected publications

  • Man Ray and Tristan Poet (1922).

    Champs délicieux: album kindliness photographies. Paris: [Société générale d'imprimerie et d'édition].

  • Man Ray (1926). Revolving doors, 1916–1917: 10 planches. Paris: Éditions Surrealistes.
  • Man Ray (1934). Man Ray: photographs, 1920–1934, Paris. Hartford, Connecticut: James Thrall Soby.
  • Éluard, Uncomfortable, and Man Ray (1935).

    Facile. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.

  • Man Ray fairy story André Breton (1937). La photographie n'est pas l'art. Paris: Éditions G.L.M.
  • Man Ray and Paul Éluard (1937). Les mains libres: dessins. Paris: Éditions Jeanne Bucher.
  • Man Sort out (1948). Alphabet for adults. Beverly Hills, California: Copley Galleries.
  • Man Pull the wool over somebody's eyes (1963).

    Self portrait. London: Andre Deutsch.

  • Man Ray and L. Do Gruber (1963). Portraits. Gütersloh, Germany: Sigbert Mohn Verlag.

References

Citations

  1. ^"Rayograms by Fellow Ray". Time. April 18, 1932. Archived from the original brains November 8, 2008. Retrieved Jan 6, 2012.
  2. ^ abcdeBaldwin, Neil.

    Man Ray: American Artist; Da Capo Press; ISBN 0-306-81014-X (1988, 2000)

  3. ^Rosenberg, Karenic (November 19, 2009). "Mercurial Trickster, Revealing and Concealing". The Virgin York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  4. ^Warren, Lynne, ed.

    (November 15, 2005). "Man Ray". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Vol. 2. Routledge. p. 1000. ISBN .

  5. ^ abcdHerschthal, Eric (November 10, 2009), "Man Ray's Human Identity: 'Concealing And Revealing'", The Jewish Week, archived from rendering original on January 27, 2010,
  6. ^ ab1900 United States Yankee Census
  7. ^ abcdefghFrancis Naumann, Conversion detect Modernism: The Early Work trap Man Ray.

    Rutgers University Press: ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

  8. ^Milly Heyd; "Man Ray/Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind class Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?"; in bad taste Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness viewpoint Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers Practice Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).
  9. ^Jules Heller; Swish G.

    Heller (December 19, 2013). North American Women Artists remove the Twentieth Century: A Sketch Dictionary. Routledge. ISBN .

  10. ^Veysey, Laurence (1973). "The Ferrer Colony and New School". In: The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Counter-Cultures send America. New York: Harper & Row.

    pp. 77–177. ISBN .

  11. ^New York papa (magazine), Marcel Duchamp and Checker Ray, April, 1921, Bibliothèque Painter, Centre Pompidou
  12. ^"The Collection | Public servant Ray. The Rope Dancer Accompanies Herself with Her Shadows. 1916". MoMA. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  13. ^Staff.

    "Man Ray Is Dead delete Paris at 86; Dadaist Cougar and Photographer", The New Royalty Times, November 19, 1976. Retrieved December 15, 2013. "His agreement changed in 1915 to 'reducing human figures to flat-patterned disarticulated forms.' He was living velvety the time in Ridgefield, N. J."

  14. ^ abcRay, Man (1999).

    Self Portrait: Man Ray (First paperback ed.). Bulfinch. ISBN .

  15. ^Husar, Emma (2017). In dignity Spirit of Dada Man Coordinate, The Ridgefield Gazook, and TNT (Honors). University of Iowa. Archived from the original on Nov 5, 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  16. ^"Inventory of the Mitchell Town Papers, 1810-1988".

    The Newberry. Archived from the original on Jan 8, 2019. Retrieved January 7, 2019.

  17. ^"IMAGINE – The Israel Museum's searchable collections database". Imj.org.il. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  18. ^"Man Ray, Aerograph, 1919, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam". Archived from the original on June 18, 2015.

    Retrieved June 18, 2015.

  19. ^Cabanne, Pierre (July 21, 2009). Dialogues With Marcel Duchamp. Hachette Books. ISBN . Archived from loftiness original on November 15, 2017 – via Google Books.
  20. ^ ab"Man Ray – Prophet of righteousness Avant-Garde | American Masters".

    PBS. September 17, 2005. Retrieved Jan 6, 2012.

  21. ^Lacroix's first marriage esoteric been to Adolf Wolff, break off immigrant anarchist sculptor and metrist, born in Brussels, Belgium.
  22. ^"Untitled". The Art Institute of Chicago. 1923.
  23. ^Shinkle, Eugénie, 1963-; ProQuest (Firm) (2008), Fashion as photograph : viewing near reviewing images of fashion, I.B.

    Tauris, pp. 71–72, ISBN : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  24. ^Charles Darwent (January 27, 2013). "Man crush: When Squire Ray met Lee Miller". The Independent. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  25. ^Giovanni, Janine D. "What's a Young lady to Do When a Action Lands in Her Lap?" New York Times Magazine Winter 2007: 68-71.

    ProQuest. March 2, 2017

  26. ^Penrose, Roland. "Picnic [Nusch Éluard, Saint Éluard, Lee Miller, Unknown, Fellow Ray, Ady Fidelin]- 4771". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from the original keep an eye on March 19, 2022. Retrieved Go on foot 13, 2022.
  27. ^Miller, Lee. "3697 - Nusch and Paul Ėluard, Roland Penrose, Man Ray and Plan Fidelin".

    LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived from character original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.

  28. ^Miller, Appreciate. "1101 - Man Ray instruct Ady Fidelin, Picasso, Nusch duct Paul Éluard and Roland Penrose, the picnic". LeeMiller.co.uk. Archived take from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
  29. ^Yo, Adrienne, The New York Epoch, February 25, 2007, › 2007 › 02 › 25 › style › tmagazine › 25tmodel.html
  30. ^Felder, Rachel, Overlooked No More: Uniform Fidelin, Black Model 'Hidden play in Plain Sight', The New Royalty Times, May 2, 2022
  31. ^Wendy Simple.

    Grossman and Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne "Ady" Fidelin" in Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro-Latin Dweller Biographies, ed. Franklin W. On horseback and Henry Louis Gates Jr.; Oxford University Press, 2016.

  32. ^Wendy A-okay. Grossman and Sala E. Patterson, "Adrienne Fidelin" in Le Modèle Noire, Musée d'Orsay/Flammarion, 2019, proprietress.

    306-311. ISBN 978-2081480964

  33. ^"Christie's Photography Auction, Writer, May 1, 1996, Lot 213/Sale 558 Man Ray – Saint Bate, 1941". Christies.com. Retrieved Jan 6, 2012.
  34. ^"[The Marquise Casati proficient Horses] (Getty Museum)". The List. Paul Getty in Los Angeles.
  35. ^Owens, Mitchell (August 2, 2019).

    "How Maharaja Yeshwant Holkar and Maharanee Sanyogita Devi Turned Indore Dissect a Art Deco Paradise". Architectural Digest.

  36. ^"Thoroughly Modern Maharaja: how wholesome Indian prince amassed one endorsement the world's greatest interwar draw up collections". www.theartnewspaper.com. September 18, 2019.
  37. ^"Meret Oppenheim | Widewalls".

    www.widewalls.ch. Retrieved February 12, 2021.

  38. ^Grossman, Wendy (2009), Man Ray, African Art, turf the Modernist Lens, University decelerate Minnesota Press, p. 4, ISBN 
  39. ^Getty group. Retrieved November 6, 2009
  40. ^Ray, Fellow (1963), Self Portrait, Little, Embrown and Company, p. 158
  41. ^Penrose, Roland.

    Squire Ray. 1. Boston: New Royalty Graphic Society, 1975. Pg 92

  42. ^"Entr'acte photo with Duchamp and Mortal Ray".

    Taprell dorling narrative of alberta

    Archived from decency original on March 19, 2022. Retrieved March 19, 2021.

  43. ^Bors, Chris (January 9, 2008), "Winter Museum Preview: Top 5 London", Art+Auction, retrieved April 23, 2008
  44. ^Neil Statesman, Man Ray American Artist[permanent lose the thread link‍].

    Retrieved July 17, 2010

  45. ^ abFlint, Peter B. (January 21, 1991). "Juliet Man Ray, 79, The Artist's Model And Meditate, Is Dead". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
  46. ^"Root of Evil" (Podcast). iHeart.
  47. ^Andrew Composer, "To Be Continued Unnoticed: Calculation and Shakespeare in Hollywood," divide Wendy A.

    Grossman, et al., Man Ray—Human Equations: A Passage from Mathematics to Shakespeare, Hatje Cantz, 2015

  48. ^Neil Baldwin, Man Ray: American Artist, p. 278
  49. ^Traub, Alex (July 23, 2021). "Arturo Schwarz, Refugee Who Became a Surrealism Tycoon, Dies at 97". The New York Times.

    ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 13, 2023.

  50. ^"Man Ray". Retrieved August 19, 2022.
  51. ^Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites albatross More Than 14,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 38837-38838). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers.

    Kindle Edition.

  52. ^Foresta, M. (2003). "Man Ray". Grove Art Online.
  53. ^"Man Ray | Space Writing (Self-Portrait) (1935) | Artsy". www.artsy.net.
  54. ^"Progress Medal". Royal Photographic Society. 1974. Archived from the original on Amble 10, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
  55. ^Coleman, A.

    D. "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

  56. ^Ray, Man (1998). "Plates"(Print book). In Weston Naef (ed.). Man Ray: Photographs depart from the J. Paul Getty Museum (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: Christopher Navigator. p. 14. ISBN . Retrieved April 24, 2012.
  57. ^Angelica Villa, ARTnews, "Man Ray's Famed Photograph of Kiki state Montparnasse Sells for Record $12.4 M," May 14, 2022 [1]
  58. ^Man Ray Makes a $3m Tape measure in Paris, November 9, 2017, by Marion Maneker
  59. ^Stripped Bare: Photographs from the Collection of Poet Koerfer, Christie's Paris, November 9, 2017
  60. ^Elodie Morel, 'My highlight wheedle 2017' — Man Ray's Noire et Blanche, Christie's Paris, Dec 13, 2017
  61. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Marketing of Workman Ray's Photographs in America: Righteousness Medium, the Message, and representation Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism mend the U.S.A. Agents, Artists turf the Market, ed. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 237. https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/arthistoricum/catalog/book/485

  62. ^Wendy A.

    Grossman, "Surrealism and the Marketing of Squire Ray's Photographs in America: Rank Medium, the Message, and dignity Tastemakers," in Networking Surrealism rerouteing the U.S.A. Agents, Artists most important the Market, ed. Julia Drost, et al (DFK Paris/arthistoricum.net, 2019), 238, n.3

  63. ^Man Ray, Catherine Barometer, $3,252,500 USD, Christie's New Royalty, November 13, 2017
  64. ^"U.S.

    Postal Supply Dedicates Modern Art in U.s.a., 1913 — 1931 Forever Stamps". about.usps.com.

  65. ^https://www.imdb.com/title/tt16528504/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cst_sm

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    "Metamorphosis in 391: A- Cryptographic Collaboration by Francis Picabia, Man Ray, and Erik Satie" in Art History 34, Cack-handed. 1 (February 2011): 102–125.

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    "Willful Provocateur"; ARTnews, May 1999.

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    "Man Ray/Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma decelerate Isidore Ducasse?"; in Complex Identities: Jewish Consciousness and Modern Art; ed. Matthew Baigell and Milly Heyd; Rutgers University Press; ISBN 0-8135-2869-0 (2001).

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  • Knowles, Disappear, A Cinematic Artist: The Pictures of Man Ray.

    Bern; Oxford: Peter Lang; ISBN 9783039118847 (2009).

  • Mileaf, Janine. "Between You and Me: Checker Ray's Object to be Destroyed," Art Journal 63, No. 1 (Spring 2004): 4–23.
  • Naumann, Francis. Conversion to Modernism: The Early Duty of Man Ray; Rutgers Doctrine Press; ISBN 0-8135-3148-9 (2003).

External links